1921
In the sole WOSSA semi, Windsor Collegiate dusted Woodstock 36-14.
In the WOSSA final, Windsor Collegiate clocked Brantford Collegiate 42-16 as Richard McConnell scored 16, Jack Dowd 10, B Philp 8, Howell 4 and Walter Perry 4, while A Stephenson was scoreless. Windsor (coached by Downey) also included Charles Staddon, N Howe and J Raeburn. Lambert paced Brantford with 8. Rogers added 6 and Bier 2, while Adams, Wallace, Zugler and Middlemiss were scoreless.
1922
In the WOSSA semis, Windsor Collegiate torched Brantford Collegiate 48-23 as Howell scored 21, Swatzel 14, B Phillip 11 and Atkins 2, while Stevenson, Perry and Berry were scoreless. G Lambert led Brantford with 17. T Greenwood added 4 and R Ziegler 2, while E Davis, V Ballachly, D Donohue and R Otto were scoreless.
In the other WOSSA semi, Strathroy clipped St. Thomas 17-11 as B Sexton scored 13, R Nicholson 2 and F Nicholson 2, while R Layman, H Taylor, D Fortner and G Brock was scoreless. W Johns led St. Thomas with 7. C Lay added 2 and J Turnpenny 2, while P Chantler, P Dawdy, P Fulton and E Lang were scoreless.
In the WOSSA final, Windsor Collegiate torched Strathroy 35-15 as Howell scored 14, Philip 11 and Wetzel 10, while Stevenson, Perry, Atkin and Berry were scoreless. Sexton led Strathroy with 10. R Nicholson added 5, while F Nicholson, Lyman, Taylor, Fortner and Brock were scoreless.
In the provincial semis, Windsor Collegiate defeated Toronto Jarvis 26-34; 32-17 (Total: 58-51). …………………………………………………… In game one, Jarvis prevailed 34-26 as Johnston scored 14, Sniderman 10, Cathers 6 and Wood 4, while Montgomery was scoreless. Philp paced Windsor with 16. Howell added 8 and Perry 2, while Wetzel and Stevenson were scoreless. …………………………………………………… In game two, Windsor (coached by A.S. Hooper) took the series with a 32-17 win as B Philp scored 18, Wetzel 8, G Howell 4 and W Perry 2, while G Stevenson, H alkin, and J Berry were scoreless. Wood led Toronto with 8. Cathers added 6 and Montgomery 3, while Johnston and Hersonhoren were scoreless.
In the provincial finals, Windsor Collegiate was to play Hamilton High but it was considered too late in the season to undertake more travel, so the idea of an Ontario championship was abandoned, the Windsor Star reported.
1923
In the WOSSA semis, Windsor Collegiate clubbed Brantford Collegiate 42-24 as Edwards scored 18 and Howell 10. Scruton led Brantford with 9. Ziegler added 8. Brantford also included Greenwood, Ballachy, Tench.
In the WOSSA final, Windsor Collegieate dispatched the London Central Golden Ghosts 27-22 as Howell scored 15, Turville 6, Edwards 4 and McLennan 2, while Shaw was scoreless. Lawrence led the Golden Ghosts with 14. Wanless added 4, Wilson 2 and Barbour 2, while Ardiel was scoreless.
In what is alternately billed as the sudden-death provincial and Eastern interscholastic final, Toronto Riverdale defeated Ottawa Collegiate 35-26 as Mercer scored 15, Walkem 14, Morris 4 and Devett 2, while Bowers and Clarke were scoreless. Young scored 12 to lead Ottawa. Barnett added 10, Conn 2 and Jamieson 2, while White, Mix, Wayne, Cleary, Yelland and Slemon were scoreless.
1924
In the WOSSA quarterfinals, Brantford Collegiate defeated St. Thomas x-x; x-x (Total: x-x).
In the WOSSA semis, Sarnia Collegiate defeated the London Central Golden Ghosts 17-12; x-x (Total: x-x). The Golden Ghosts included C Barbour, K Murray, W Logan, G Cummings, C.B. Chapman, K Obesy, M.C. Rice and R Foot.
In the other semi, Brantford Collegiate defeated Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate x-x; 11-21 (Total: x-x, by 10)
In the other WOSSA semi, Windsor-Walkerville Collegiate dusted Brantford Collegiate 38-24; 63-18 (Total: 101-42). …………………………………………………… In game one, Walkerville clipped Brantford 38-24 as Howell scored 16, Edwards 11, Turville 6, Dowd 3 and Malone 2, while Malone and Kay were scoreless. Scruton led Brantford with 10. Hagey added 6, Cinnanon 4 and Tench 4, while Greenwood, Walsh and Grobb were scoreless. …………………………………………………… In game two, Walkerville torched Brantford 63-18 as Turville scored 24, Edwards 22, Howell 5, Dowd 5, Malone 1 and Kay 1, while 5 were unallocated, and Cohn and Dawson were scoreless. Scruton led Brantford with 12. Hagey added 4 and Cinnamon 2, while Greenwood, Trench, Walsh and Grobb were scoreless.
In the WOSSA final, Windsor-Walkerville Collegiate defeated Sarnia Collegiate 36-9; 24-10 (Total: 60-19). …………………………………………………… In game one, Windsor (coached by A.G. Hooper, assistant Elmer Druland) dusted Sarnia 36-9 as Al Edwards scored 19, Frank Dowd 6, Turville 4, Howell 4 and King 2, while 1 was unallocated and Malone was scoreless. Hallam led Sarnia with 3. Robinson added 2 and Kennedy 2, while 2 were unallocated, and Carter, Crompton, Gates and Brown were scoreless. …………………………………………………… In game two, Windsor dispatched Sarnia Collegiate 24-10 as Edwards scored 13, Turville 6, Malone 2, Dowd 2 and Howell 1, while King, Cohn and Dawson were scoreless. Robinson led Sarnia with 6. Kennedy added 2 and Crompton 2, while Hallam, Carter and Gates were scoreless. Sarnia also included Haldane.
1925
In the WOSSA quarterfinals, St. Thomas defeated Stratford x-x; x-x (Total: x-x)
In the quarterfinals, the London Central Golden Ghosts defeated Sarnia x-x; x-x (Total: x-x)
In the WOSSA semis, the London Central Golden Ghosts defeated St. Thomas 16-17; 15-7 (Total: 31-24). …………………………………………………… In game two, London Central took the series with a 15-7 win as Walter Logan scored 9, Barbour 4 and Cook 2, while Johnston, Martin and Brown were scoreless. Hynd led St. Thomas with 4. Pullen added 2 and Fenwick 1, while Bernath, Vaughn and Cripples were scoreless.
In the semis, Windsor Collegiate defeated Guelph x-x; x-x (Total: x-x)
In the WOSSA finals, Windsor Collegiate defeated the London Central Golden Ghosts 32-12; 23-14 (Total: 55-26). …………………………………………………… In game one, Windsor whipped London Central 32-12 as Turville scored 20, Malone 8, Cohn 3 and Dawson 1, while King, Jubenville and Chapman were scoreless. Logan led the Golden Ghosts with 4. Cook added 4, Barbour 2, Martin 1 and Brown 1, while Johnston was scoreless. …………………………………………………… In game two, Windsor prevailed 23-14 as Turville scored 10, Malone 7, Cohn 2, King 2, Dawson 1 and Jubenville 1, while Chapman was scoreless. Logan led London Central with 6. Brown added 5 and Barbour 3, while Martin, Johnston, Cook and O’Hara were scoreless.
The first Ontario Interscholastic tournament is held, featuring Ottawa Lisgar, Toronto Riverdale, Windsor Collegiate and Brockville Collegiate.
In the semis, the Ottawa Lisgar Lords versus the Toronto Riverdale. The Lords included Eric Nichol, Jake Jamieson, Donnie Young, Lyle Laisley, Burke. The Ottawa Journal identifies Lisgar High School’s team as F Ambridge, G Farnham, W Telfer, E Walstein, A Molot, S Ireton and J Shephard.
In the other semi, Windsor Collegiate versus Brockville Collegiate
1926
In the WOSSA quarterfinals, St. Thomas defeated the London Central Golden Ghosts 42-11, 18-19 (Total: 60-30).
In the WOSSA quarterfinals, Guelph Collegiate defeated St. Mary’s 31-21; 34-22 (Total: 65-43). …………………………………………………… In game two, Guelph prevailed 34-22 as Hewer scored 10, Atcheson 8, H Hull 6, Morton 6 and G Hull 5, while Simpson and Laing were scoreless. Ready led St. Mary’s with 15. Bell added 5, Murray 2 and McGregor 1 (2 points overallocated), while Jackson, Anderson, Riley and Snoddy were scoreless.
In the WOSSA semis, Guelph Collegiate defeated St. Thomas 22-11; 19-20 (Total: 41-31). …………………………………………………… In game two, St. Thomas edged Guelph 20-19 but lost the total-point series by 10. Matthews paced St. Thomas with 8. Fenwick added 7, Stewart 2, Pullen 2 and Vernath 1, while Balkwell and Cupress were scoreless. H Hewer led Guelph with 6. Hewer added 6, Morton 4, Keefe 2 and G Hewer 1, while Lang, Young and Simpson were scoreless.
In the other WOSSA semi, the Windsor-Walkerville Tartans defeated Sarnia Collegiate 22-19; 39-11 (Total: 61-30). …………………………………………………… In game one, Walkerville edged Sarnia 22-19. …………………………………………………… In game two, Walkerville torched Sarnia 39-11 as Turner scored 15, Butcher 16, Allison 2, Young 2 and Beaton 1, while Hicks, Pepper and Renaud were scoreless. Hallam paced Sarnia with 9. Kellam added 1 and Maitland 1, while Mattingly, Pesky and Potter were scoreless. Sarnia also included Carter and Walsh.
In the WOSSA final, the Windsor-Walkerville Tartans defeated Guelph Collegiate 16-19; 29-13 (Total: 45-32). …………………………………………………… In game two, Walkerville torched Guelph 29-13 as Allison scored 8 and Turner 4. The Tartans also included Turner, Butcher, Hickss, Young, Beaton, Pepper, Renaud. H Hull led Guelph with 5. Atkinson added 2. Guelph also included Hewer, G Hull, Laing, Young, Morton, Simpson.
In the Niagara peninsula finals, Hamilton Delta defeated the Niagara Falls Stamford Hornets x-x; x-x; 22-20. …………………………………………………… In game three, held on neutral floor in Beamsville, Delta prevailed 22-20 as Dickin scored 10, Smithson 8, Muir 3 and Peckett 1, while Kirkpatrick, MacBeth and Fitton were scoreless. Jimmy Rose led the Hornets with 7. Breakey added 5, Fred Bridge 3, Miller 2, Watson 2 and Donohue 1, while Monroe, Young and Myer were scoreless.
1927
In the WOSSA quarterfinals, Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate defeated St. Mary’s 32-23; 35-20 (Total: 67-43). ………………………………………………… In game one, Kitchener-Waterloo prevailed 32-23 as Dave Schneider scored 17. ………………………………………………… In game two, Kitchener-Waterloo took the series with a 35-20 win as Dave Schneider scored 13, Sid Buchanan 8, Grant Fernie 7, Charlie Weber 6 and Jack Clark 1, while Ed Brown, McNaughton, H Vaughn, Lackner and C Dunker were scoreless. A Murray led St. Mary’s with 7. H McGregor added 5, Art Jackson 4 and John Bell 4, while F Riley, Ab Jackson and F Oliver were scoreless.
In the WOSSA quarterfinals, the London Central Golden Ghosts defeated Aylmer x-x; x-x (Total: x-x)
In the WOSSA semis, the London Central Golden Ghosts defeated Kitchener-Waterloo 19-16; 27-15 (Total: 46-31). …………………………………………………… In game one, London Central prevailed 19-16 as Sam Munro scored 10. Carl Weber led Kitchener-Waterloo with 7. …………………………………………………… In game two, the Golden Ghosts took the series with a 27-15 win as Sam Munro scored 11, E Hayter 7, E Barbour 6, J Gunn 2 and J Martin 1, while Bill Farquharson, Dromgole, Loughlin, Johnson and Day were scoreless. Sid Buchanan led Kitchener-Waterloo with 7. Grant Ferrie added 5 and Dave Schneider 4, while Charlie (also identified as Chuck and Carl) Weber, Jack Clark, Ed Brown, Lackner, McNaughton and C Dunker were scoreless.
In the other WOSSA semi, the Windsor-Walkerville Tartans defeated Strathroy 21-11; 25-10 (Total: 46-21). …………………………………………………… In game one, Walkerville clipped Strathroy 21-11 as Beaton scored 8, Jimmy Stewart 5, Blatn Allison 3, Young 3, Carley 1 and Pepper 1, while A Stewart and Drake were scoreless. Hofkin paced Strathroy with 5. Graham added 2, Smith 2, Cameron 1 and Ireland 1, while Wright and Bohner were scoreless.
…………………………………………………… In game two, Walkerville spanked Strathroy 25-10 as J Stewart scored 10, Allison 6, Pepper 5, Young 2 and Carley 2, while Beaton, A Stewart and Drake were scoreless. Graham led Strathroy with 7. Cameron added 2 and McCracken 1, while Smith, Hoskins, Ireland and Wright were scoreless.
In the WOSSA final, the Windsor-Walkerville Tartans defeated the London Central Golden Ghosts 13-15; 22-10 (Total: 35-25). …………………………………………………… In game one, London Central nipped Walkerville 15-13 as Munro scored 8, Hayter 6 and Barber 1, while Farquharson, Gunn and Martin were scoreless. Allison led the Tartans with 8. J Stewart added 3 and Young 2, while Beaton, A Stewart and Pepper were scoreless. …………………………………………………… In game two, Walkerville took the series with a 22-10 win as Allison scored 16 and Stewart 6, while Beaton, A Stewart, Young and Pepper were scoreless. Barber led London Central with 4. Hayter added 4, Munroe 1 and Martin 1, while Day, Farquharson and Gunn were scoreless.
In the Ottawa city final, the Glebe Gryphons torched the Lisgar Lords 35-14 as Don Smaill scored 10, Bruce Megill 10, Dave Young 8, Harry Church 4 and Wink Ussher 3, while Ned Turner, Bob Millar and William Beveridge were scoreless. Earl Stanyar paced the Lords with 8. Ruby Molot added 3, L Day 2 and R Stewart 1, while J Telfer and S Sutherland were scoreless.
In the Toronto city semis, Riverdale defeated Humberside 11-16; x-x (Total: x-x). …………………………………………………… In game one, Humberside prevailed 16-11 as Gay Kirkpatrick scored 11. Humberside also included Bobby Gibson, Ken Stubbings. Forsythe led Riverdale with 7. Munro added 4.
In the Toronto city final, University of Toronto Schools defeated Riverdale 20-11.
In the Niagara district semis, Hamilton Delta defeated Niagara Falls CI 26-31; x-x (Total: x-x). …………………………………………………… In game one, Niagara Falls prevailed 31-26 as Parker scored 17, Monrad 9, Clunie 3 and Rosberg 2, while McCutcheon, Morphy, Goodes, McLean and MacFarlane were scoreless. Glass led Delta with 10. Overend added 9, Allen 3, Fudge 2, Wolovich 1 and White 1, while Ferguson, E Lyons and Collard were scoreless.
In the Niagara district finals, St. Catharines Collegiate defeated Hamilton Delta 33-18 as W Newman scored 14, H Collins 7, M Leeson 6, Laughlin 3 and G Newman 3, while Cambray and DeSoto were scoreless. Smithson led Delta with 5. Macbeth added 5, Muir 4 and Jetton 4, while Caldwell, Tait, Gayfer and McCutcheon were scoreless.
In February/1927, the Ontario interscholastic schools agree to join the OABA, setting the stage for the first Eastern Canadian Interscholastics championships. A four-team tourney is held for the first time, bringing together high schools and secondary schools into one draw. In previous year, there’d been four-team tournaments but they were not sanctioned by OABA.
In the semis, Walkerville Collegiate edged St. Catharines Collegiate 31-28 in overtime as Beaton scored 14, Allison 6, J Stewart 5, A Stewart 4 and Young 2, while Pepper was scoreless. Collins led St. Catharines with 9. W Newman added 9, Teeson 5 and George Newman 4, while Loughlin was scoreless.
In the other semi, Ottawa Glebe Collegiate crushed Toronto Harbord 27-14.
In the bronze medal match, St. Catharines Collegiate defeated Toronto Harbord after leading 21-15 at the half.
In the final, Walkerville Collegiate tripped Glebe Collegiate 29-20 as Allison scored 13, A Stewart 6, J Stewart 5, Pepper 2, Beaton 2 and Young 1, while Drake and Carley were scoreless. Walkerville led 14-12 at the half. Megill led Glebe with 6. Church added 6, Smaill 5 and Young 5, while Turner, Beveridge, Usher and Miller were scoreless.
The bronze medalists from St. Catharines Collegiate: Wilf Newman; G. Laughlin; M.W. ‘Pic’ Leeson; W.W. De Soto; H.T. Cambray; Hal Collins; George Newman; Pugrant; Hallenback; Jack Logan;
The silver medalists from Ottawa Glebe Collegiate: Don Smaill; Harry Church; Bruce Megill; Dave Young; M Sanford; Wink Ussher; Ned Turner; Bob Millar; Billy Beveridge; coach Bob Campbell
The champions Windsor-Walkerville Collegiate Tartans: A. Stewart; W. Young; D. Drake; A. Pepper; R. Beaton; T. Allison; A. Carley; J. Stewart; coach Gordon Fuller
1928
In the WOSSA quarterfinals, Aylmer defeated St. Mary’s x-x; x-x (Total: x-x)
In the WOSSA semis, the Windsor-Walkerville Tartans defeated the London Central Golden Ghosts 25-17; x-x
…………………………………………………… In game one, Walkerville clipped London Central 25-17 as Ian Allison scored 12, Jimmy Stewart 5, Bill Young 4 and Ray Beaton 4, while A Stewart and Drake were scoreless. Munro led the Golden Ghosts with 10. Hayter added 5, Johnson 1 and Day 1, while Gun was scoreless.
In the other WOSSA semi, Aylmer defeated Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate & Vocational 2-0 (default). Kitchener (coached by W.J. Unwin and Lewis McNaughton) included Ackie Lackner, Beef Lichty, John Merritt, Charles Weber, Ed Hymmen, Ed Brown, Jack Clarke and Grant Ferrie.
In the WOSSA finals and provincial opening round, Windsor-Walkerville Collegiate defeated St. Thomas Aylmer Collegiate 29-17; 42-19 (Total: 71-36). …………………………………………………… In game one, Windsor-Walkerville clipped Aylmer 29-17 as Ian Allison scored 12, R Beaton 8, J Stewart 7 and A Stewart 2, while W Young, D Drake, A Carley and S Venning were scoreless. Clayton McCaulay led Aylmer (manager J.J. Campbell) with 6. Carson Johnson added 6, Al Christie 4 and Donald Clarke 1, while Jim Crane, Donald Awde, Willie Rodkin, Raymond Martin and Marshall Thomson were scoreless. …………………………………………………… In game two, Windsor-Walkerville torched Aylmer 42-19 as I Allison scored 16, R Beaton 11, Jim Stewart 8, S Venning 4, A Carley 2 and William Young 1, while Archie Stewart and D Drake were scoreless. C McCaulley led Aylmer with 6. A Christie added 5, Martin 3, C Johnson 2, Bodkin 2 and D Clarke 1, while J Crane was scoreless.
In the Ontario opening round and Toronto semis, Oshawa defeated North Toronto 24-18; 35-28 (Total: 59-46). …………………………………………………… In game one, Gummow scored 11 to lead Oshawa. …………………………………………………… In game two, Hubbell and Gummow led Oshawa while Brittnell scored 11 for North Toronto. Whithead added 10.
In the Ontario opening round, the St. Catharine’s Saints defeated Brantford 23-17; x-x (Total: x-x) …………………………………………………… In game one, the Saints prevailed 23-17 as H Cambry scored 9, Collins 7, Logan 4, George Laughlin 2 and Leeson 1.
In the Toronto finals and provincial second round, U.T.S. Schools defeated Oshawa 48-30; 25-19 (Total: 73-49). …………………………………………………… In game one, U.T.S. prevailed 48-30 as Coles scored 16, Hicks 14, Douglas 12 and Marshall 6, while McDowell, Fletcher, Whidden, Foot, Ashdown and Smith were scoreless. Young led Oshawa Collegiate with 13. Gummow added 10, Hubbel 4, Baird 2 and Barnum 1, while Cohen, Caruthers, Davidson and Smith were scoreless. …………………………………………………… In game two, Oshawa led 10-9 at the half but U.T.S. rallied as Douglas and Fisher took command. U.T.S. held Oshawa to a single field goal in the second half. D. Douglas led U.T.S. with 10. R. Coles added 4, J. Fletcher 5, D. Marshall 2, T. McDonnell 4, J. Ashdown 0, H. Whidden 0, R. Hicks 0, A. Foot 0 and H. Smith 0. Young and Gummow each scored 7 to lead Oshawa. Hubbell added 2, Barnum 1, Baird 2, Kohen 0, Crothers 0, Davidson 1 and Smith 0.
In the Ontario second round, University of Toronto Schools defeated Kingston Collegiate 41-17; 36-23 (Total: 77-40). …………………………………………………… In game two, U.T.S. led 23-7 at the half and romped, while their defence contained Kingston to perimeter shots, of which they only hit three in the match. Kingston played Day, Bews, Drew, Singleton, Sugarman, Salton, Darling and Algin.
In the Ontario second round, Midland defeated Shelburne x-x; x-x (Total: x-x).
In the Niagara district playoffs and provincial second round, St. Catherines defeated Niagara Falls 22-29; 49-19 (Total: 71-58).
In the provincial second round, the St. Catharines CI Saints defeated Hamilton Central 41-3; 31-28 (Total: …………………………………………………… In game one, the Saints prevailed 41-13 as J Logan scored 15, M Leeson 9, Collins 8, H Cambray 7, H Newman 2, while G Laughlin was scoreless. Vansickle led Central with 4. Groom added 4, Straud 3 and Hayhurst 2, while Mitchnich, Hodd, Holland Feldman were scoreless.
In the Ontario quarterfinals, the University of Toronto Schools defeated Midland 69-20; 30-17 (Total: 99-37) …………………………………………………… In game one, Toronto led 33-11 at the half and romped to the easy win. Toronto’s Coles and Douglas scored 14 and 12 respectively. Melville Ralph and Lawrence Grise each scored 4 to pace Midland. …………………………………………………… In game two, Toronto coasted to an easy win as Douglas scored 11, Sales 3, Fletcher 10, Marshall 3, McDonnell 1, Ashdown 2, Foote 0, Hicks 0, Whidden 0 and Smith 0. Melville Ralph scored 10 to lead Midland (coach A.R.M. Gaviller, manager J.J. Robins). Gerald Gray added 2, Lawrence Grise 4 and Gerald Fair 2, while Kenneth Brown, Ernest Lowes, Fred Bell, Howard Gregoire and John Jory were scoreless.
In the provincial quarterfinals, Windsor-Walkerville Collegiate defeated St. Catherines x-x; x-x
In the Eastern Ontario semis and Ottawa city finals, semis, Glebe defeated x.
In the provincial semis, Windsor-Walkerville Collegiate dumped University of Toronto Schools 20-13 as James Stewart scored 7, Ray Beaton 6, Ian Allison 6, Archie Stewart 1, Bill Young 0, Stan Venning 0, Douglas Drake 0 and Doug Vaughan 0. Coles paced Toronto (coach Irwin) with 5. Douglas added 3, Fletcher 3 and Marshall 2, while McDonnell (McDonald?), Ashdown, Foote, Whidden, Hicks and Smith were scoreless.
In the Eastern Ontario final and provincial semis, Glebe College thrashed Brockville 46-18 as Donnie Smaill scored 15, Bruce Megill 11, Bob Crowe 10, Joe Fraser 4, Jimmie Wills 4 and Ned Turner 2, while Arthur Hewitson, Steve Garland, E Lennie and E Ogilvie were scoreless. B Easter led Brockville with 13. A Farquharson added 2, H Dool 2 and C Easter 1, while F Robinson, S Darling, G Moffat, B Easter, B Miller, F Andrews and B Gant were scoreless.
In the Ontario finals, and for a berth in the Dominion interscholastic draw, Windsor-Walkerville Vocational defeated Ottawa Glebe 38-24 as James Stewart scored 12, Ian Allison 10, Ray Beaton 5, Archie Stewart 0, Bill Young 0, Stan Venning 0, Albert Carley 0, Douglas Drake 0 and Doug Vaughan 0. Bruce Megill led Glebe with 11. Smaill added 6, Bob Crowe 6, Joe Fraser 4, Ned Turner 0, J Wills 0, R Hewitson 0, Lennie 0 and S Garland 0.